Colonoscopy Phoenix is a very safe procedure. You may feel some pressure, bloating or cramping during the test. You will be given a sedative to reduce your discomfort.
Your doctor will insert a lubricated tube in your anus and then move it into your colon and rectum. The scope has a light and camera and can pump air or water into your colon to make it easier for your doctor to see.
A colonoscopy is an exam used to check for changes — such as swollen or irritated tissues or polyps (cancer) — in the large intestine, or colon. During the procedure, a doctor inserts a long, flexible tube with a small video camera at its tip (colonoscope) into the rectum and then uses it to look inside the colon. The camera sends images to a monitor, which gives the gastroenterologist a clear view of the colon lining. If necessary, the doctor can remove any abnormal tissue or polyps. The procedure can also help doctors detect inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, which cause pain, bleeding and malnourishment in the intestines. Identifying these diseases early with colonoscopies may reduce the long-term damage they can do, such as intestinal blockages that require surgery or lead to death.
The colonoscope is designed to be easily maneuvered, and its handle allows the gastroenterologist to control up, down, right and left motions and to advance or withdraw it near the anus. At its base, the handle has a dial that can increase or decrease the rigidity of the colonoscope, which helps to minimize discomfort during the procedure. The handle also has a small hole to allow the passage of irrigant and other tools.
During the procedure, people usually lie on an examination table. They wear a hospital gown and sedation or anesthesia is used to make them sleepy and calm. Depending on the person’s health and the facility, the sedation might be given through an intravenous (IV) tube or an injection into a vein in the arm or hand.
People should arrange for a ride home after the procedure because the sedation or anesthesia takes some time to wear off. The procedure can be expensive, but many insurance plans cover it. It’s important to tell the doctor if you are taking medications that affect blood clotting, such as aspirin; newer anticoagulants, such as dabigatran (Pradaxa) or rivaroxaban (Xarelto); heart medicines that affect platelets, such as clopidogrel (Plavix); and supplements that contain iron. These can increase the risk of bleeding or bruising during the procedure.
Preparation for a colonoscopy
The preparation for a colonoscopy can be uncomfortable and inconvenient, but it is necessary to ensure that your doctor can see all the parts of your large intestine. Your healthcare provider will give you detailed instructions on how to prepare for the test, including what foods to eat and how much liquid to drink. It is important to follow all of the instructions carefully. If you do not follow the instructions exactly, your doctor may not be able to see everything that needs to be seen and you will have to reschedule your procedure for another day.
For the procedure, you will lie down on a bed in a hospital room. A healthcare professional will insert a needle into a vein in your arm or hand to provide you with sedatives and anesthesia. Once you are asleep, your doctor will insert a thin tube with a camera at the end (colonoscope) into your rectum. The doctor will move the tube along the rectum and colon while looking at the results on a video monitor. The doctor can remove and biopsy any abnormal tissue, such as polyps or cancer.
After the procedure, you will remain in the recovery room until the effects of the sedatives and anesthesia wear off. During this time, you should arrange for someone to drive you home because you will be too sleepy to operate a vehicle. You should also plan on staying home from work or school until the sedatives and anesthesia are fully worn off.
During this time, you will probably experience gas pains and stomach cramping, which is normal. You may also have some blood in your first bowel movement after the procedure. Bleeding usually stops within 24 hours, but you should contact your doctor if the bleeding does not stop.
You should expect to spend about 30 to 60 minutes in the procedure room. However, you should allow 2 to 3 hours for the entire test, because you will need time for bowel preparation and recovery.
During a colonoscopy
You’ll likely stay in the recovery room for an hour after your procedure so that doctors can monitor you for any immediate complications. This time is also to give the sedation from the colonoscopy an opportunity to fully wear off, making you safe to drive home. Some common side effects of the sedative include gas, cramping or bloating, nausea or vomiting, sore throat and chills. In rare cases, the sedative can cause bleeding, but this is usually controlled by blood-clotting medications that are given through an IV at the hospital.
During your colonoscopy, you’ll lie on the exam table while the doctor slowly advances a flexible tube-shaped scope through your anus and rectum to look at the large intestine’s lining. The tube, called a colonoscope, is outfitted with a light and camera on the tip to see what’s inside your body. Because you’re sedated, you won’t feel any pain during the procedure.
If your doctor finds polyps during your colonoscopy, they will likely use the colonoscope to remove them for further examination in a lab. These tissue samples, known as biopsies, can be helpful in determining whether the polyps are cancerous or precancerous. The results of your biopsy won’t be available for a few days to weeks.
When the sedation and anesthesia wear off, your gastroenterologist will let you know how the colonoscopy went and provide you with the results. If there are no polyps or other abnormal tissue to remove and analyze, your doctor will be able to tell you right away that your results are negative.
If polyps or tissue were removed for analysis, your gastroenterologist may place you on a restricted diet until the results are ready. Eating foods that are easy to digest like scrambled eggs, mashed potatoes, skinless chicken and white fish is important to help your body heal. You’ll also need to avoid over-the-counter NSAIDs (like ibuprofen and aspirin) since these drugs can increase your risk of bleeding, especially after a biopsy. Your doctor will explain how long you should follow this diet and what types of foods are safe to eat.
Post-colonoscopy care
As with any invasive medical procedure, there are potential complications associated with colonoscopy. These include pain, bloating and rectal bleeding. However, most of the time these symptoms resolve on their own. You may also feel a little tired and groggy for a few days after the test. It is important to drink plenty of water and avoid caffeine or alcohol, which can dehydrate you even further.
You will be given specific instructions for preparing for your colonoscopy, which usually includes taking laxatives in pill or liquid form the night before and on the day of the exam. Some people may need to do enemas before the procedure, as well. It is best to avoid solid food until a few hours after your colonoscopy.
The procedure itself typically lasts about 30 to 60 minutes. After the doctor is finished, they will wheel you into a recovery room or cubicle and monitor your vital signs until you wake up from the sedation. Once you are awake, the gastroenterologist will explain what they found and discuss any procedures they performed. If they removed tissue for biopsy, you will have to wait a few days or weeks for those results.
Once the doctor has determined that you are ready to leave, they will give you a ride home and advise you on when it is safe for you to resume your regular activities. Depending on how you react to the sedation, it is important to arrange for someone to drive you home. You must not drive under the influence of sedation.
The good news is that most results from a colonoscopy are positive. The polyps that are removed during the procedure are either noncancerous or precancerous, and they can help prevent colorectal cancer from developing. In the rare event that a polyp is cancerous, your gastroenterologist will discuss your treatment options with you. In addition, a colonoscopy can discover more serious conditions, such as a hole in your large intestine (colon perforation). In such cases, you may require emergency surgery. If the perforation is not treated in time, it can lead to serious infection and other health problems.